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November, 2009


Maxims
Date : 11-19 20:12:
Views: 1733
Comments : 0
Topic :Aphorisms
Aphorisms
Date : 11-17 13:25:
Views: 1017
Comments : 0
Topic :Aphorisms
Review of The Lexicographer's Dilemma
Date : 11-03 19:51:
Views: 5315
Comments : 0
Topic :Books


gpullman@gsu.edu
Published: 09-08 2009
Title: Critical Thinking and Learning
Topic: Teaching

Interesting brief over at boing boing on a book called How We Decide by Jonah Lehrer.

Lehrer's description of the amazing ability of dopamine to "predict" upcoming events is gripping all the way along, but I was delighted to learn that neuroscientists call signals for missed predictions (that is, the signal released when dopamine is released in anticipation of a reward that doesn't come), emanating from the anterior cingulate cortex the "Oh shit" circuit. The ACC is closely wired to the thalamus, so activation of the "Oh shit" circuit galvanizes the conscious mind, bringing the stimulus right to the front of our attention.
These mistakes are critical to good decision-making, as they are our best tutors. Lehrer describes a famous study from Stanford psych research Carol Dweck, who administered easy tests to 10-year-olds, who did well on it. The control group was praised for "being smart." The experimental group was praised for "trying hard." With only this difference, the two groups were then administered progressively harder tests. Dweck discovered that the "smart" kids did worse: they believed their initial good result was due to some innate virtue beyond their ken or control, and feared that a failure would show that they lacked this intangible. But the "hard-trying" group had been rewarded for taking intellectual risks, and so they continued. Afterwards, the "smart" kids rated the hardest tests as their least favorite; the "tryers" rated it as their most favorite.



Published: 07-11 2008
Title: program assessment
Topic: Teaching

have students write reflective essay on course goals, or outcomes, or an element of a rubric(?) in addition to reflection on individual pieces.

 assessment strips rhetorical context of composition from evaluation. writing is situated, assessment is acontextual.

 http://wrt-howard.syr.edu/Bibs/Assessment.htm




Published: 11-16 2007
Title: Expert Novice
Topic: Teaching

From Made to Stick,Cihp Heath and Dan Heath. Random House, New York: 2007
Tappers and Listeners
In 1990,Elizabeth Newton earned a PhD in psychology at Standford by studying a simple game in which she assigned people to one of two roles: "tappers" or "listeners". Tappers received a list of twenty-five well -known songs, such as "Happy Birthday to You" and "The star-Spangled Banner." Each tapper was asked to pick a song and tap out the rhythm to a listener (by knocking on a table). The listener's job was to guess that song, based on the rhythm being tapped. By the way, this experiment is fun to try at home if there's a good "listener" candidate nearby.)
The listener's job in this game is quite difficult. Over the course of Newton's experiment, 120 songs were tapped out. Listeners guessed only 2.5 percent5 of the songs: 3 out of 120.
But here's what made the result worthy of a dissertation in psychology. Before the listeners guessed the name of the song, Newton asked the tappers to predict the odds that the listeners would guess correctly. They predicted that the odds were 50 percent.
The tappers got their message across 1 time in 40, but they thought they were getting their message across 1 time in 2. Why? When a tapper taps, she is hearing the song in her head.... Meanwhile, the listeners can't hear that tune--all they hear is a bunch of disconnected taps, like a kind of bizarre Morse Code.
The problem is that tappers have been given knowledge (the song title) that makes it impossible for them to imagine what it's like to lack that knowledge. When they're tapping, they can't imagine what it's like for the listeners to hear isolated taps rather than a song. This is the Curse of Knowledge. Once we know something, we find it hard to imagine what it was like not to know it. Our knowledge has "cursed us. And it becomes difficult for us to share our knowledge with others, because we can't really re-create our listener's state of mind.(19-20)



Published: 10-25 2007
Title: Are the kids alright?
Topic: Teaching

I've come across a number of "articles" about the stupification of American youth, most riffing on the idea that if you eat garbage and play video games you will get fat, lazy, and stupid (a good example). They are all variations on the ancient topic of the dissipation of the youth. Tacitus has a nice example from 79 BC. The problem with this topic is the problem will all topics -- it is an unexamined assumption dressed in brilliant examples of specific instances that seem to prove the assumption valid. Here's the thing to remember about the topic. Every generation is suspicious of its youth because the youth will get everything in the end. And they may not wait. They also get to define what is good and smart and useful and their opposites. So whatever skills their upbringing imparts, no matter how different from the skills their parents were brought up to acquire, those skills will define the good and the bad and the indifferent. If the kids can't read, that will mean that reading won't matter. To people of my generation this is disturbing, but that's because reading is central the the concept of civilization that we were born into. The kids weren't born into that world. And while the world they will inherit was literate, they may not wait to remake it into something else before we are done with it. The kids aren't bad. They're just going to outlive us and get everything we are going to have to leave behind and that makes us, in our more tired moments, resentful and suspicious. Plato represents Socrates as having thought that the youth of his day were having their minds and their characters warped by contact with printed words, that literacy makes people arrogant and unteachable. Plato inhabited the topic of the dissipation of the youth better than perhaps anyone. The inevitable irony being of course that for the next 2000 years literacy played a big role in civilization. Maybe not so much anymore.  


Published: 05-15 2007
Title: How to write a literature review
Topic: Teaching

Some one at the Critical Thinking workshop asked about a unit on teaching literature reviews so I've gone looking for some preliminary links.

Two useful sites and quotations from them:

USC

At the USC site they devidie the topic into components:

2. Components

Similar to primary research, development of the literature review requires four stages:

  • Problem formulation—which topic or field is being examined and what are its component issues?
  • Literature search—finding materials relevant to the subject being explored
  • Data evaluation—determining which literature makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the topic
  • Analysis and interpretation—discussing the findings and conclusions of pertinent literature

Literature reviews should comprise the following elements:

  • An overview of the subject, issue or theory under consideration, along with the objectives of the literature review
  • Division of works under review into categories (e.g. those in support of a particular position, those against, and those offering alternative theses entirely)
  • Explanation of how each work is similar to and how it varies from the others
  • Conclusions as to which pieces are best considered in their argument, are most convincing of their opinions, and make the greatest contribution to the understanding and development of their area of research

Deakin University

At the Deakin site they list the purposes of a literature reivew as:

  • to identify gaps in the literature
  • to avoid reinventing the wheel (at the very least this will save time and it can stop you from making the same mistakes as others)
  • to carry on from where others have already reached (reviewing the field allows you to build on the platform of existing knowledge and ideas)
  • to identify other people working in the same fields (a researcher network is a valuable resource)
  • to increase your breadth of knowledge of your subject area
  • to identify seminal works in your area
  • to provide the intellectual context for your own work, enabling you to position your project relative to other work
  • to identify opposing views
  • to put your work into perspective
  • to demonstrate that you can access previous work in an area
  • to identify information and ideas that may be relevant to your project
  • to identify methods that could be relevant to your project

University of Toronto

Besides enlarging your knowledge about the topic, writing a literature review lets you gain and demonstrate skills in two areas:

  1. information seeking: the ability to scan the literature efficiently, using manual or computerized methods, to identify a set of useful articles and books
  2. critical appraisal: the ability to apply principles of analysis to identify unbiased and valid studies.

A literature review must do these things:

  1. be organized around and related directly to the thesis or research question you are developing
  2. synthesize results into a summary of what is and is not known
  3. identify areas of controversy in the literature
  4. formulate questions that need further research



Published: 01-04 2006
Title: Decling literacy rates
Topic: Teaching

An interesting piece over at insidehighereducation.com about a recent study that indicated that college graduates are less literate today than 10 years ago. (link). See also the report that caused the stir.(PDF-link)


Published: 12-20 2005
Title: Post Ph.D.
Topic: Teaching

There's an article worth sharing over at insidehighered.com called. "What They Don’t Teach You in Graduate School" by By Paul Gray and David E. Drew. (link)




Published: 02-06 2005
Title: Teaching VS Advertising
Topic: Teaching

I've not had a chance to read this blog closely, but it looks like an interesting space for teaching and persuading written by someone who has taught programming. The blog is called Crating Passionate Users (link)


Published: 09-22 2004
Title: Reading online
Topic: Teaching

Wired.com reports today that the publishing company Norton received 600,000 orders for a printed copy of the 9/11 Commission Report that could be obtained for free over the web. It seems, no surprise, that people are willing to pay for paper delivery rather than read online for free. (link


Published: 06-11 2004
Title: Site of the day
Topic: Teaching

While talking with some fellow teachers about casual internet based writing assignments we came up with the idea of the "site of the day" assignment, where each day a student get up in front of the class and shows off a site they found that they find interesting and then we talk about it.

The skeptics dictionary caught my eye for this reason, despite the blatant advertising (link).




Published: 10-01 2003
Title: HTML tutor
Topic: Teaching

That's overstating the case a bit, but having a window into which one can type and a window that displays the results automatically could be a good way to learn HTML and CSS because you can see how what you do gives you what you get.

 (link)




Published: 06-19 2003
Title: CafePress.com
Topic: Teaching

CafePress will put your logo on stuff and sell it over the internet (link). It's an amusing way to promote rhetcomp @ gsu.


Published: 06-19 2003
Title: WebHosting
Topic: Teaching

I've been thinking about getting a host reseller's account to make the digirhetoric classes easier to admin. (link) An alternative is to set up somthing on rhetcomp but the interface I've seen isn't very good.


Published: 05-28 2003
Title: Writing and technology
Topic: Teaching

From an article on the devaluing of software engineering as a field. In sum, making software used to be a guild craft, handed down from generation to generation, now anyone can do it and now one wants to pay for it. I personally don't feel the need to lament, but what I've quoted here makes sense to me and underscores where I want to take my teaching.

Today software and music, software and writing, software and all kinds of creativity, are indistinguishable. There is no clear line dilineating where one ends and the other starts. Nor is there a line between people. To be creative in either technology or the arts requires an understanding of both.


Dave Winer


Published: 05-06 2003
Title: Cant
Topic: Teaching

Here's a collection of contemporary adolecent cant (sp?) might be useful for a discussion fo style.

 




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