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November, 2009


Maxims
Date : 11-19 20:12:
Views: 1752
Comments : 0
Topic :Aphorisms
Aphorisms
Date : 11-17 13:25:
Views: 1017
Comments : 0
Topic :Aphorisms
Review of The Lexicographer's Dilemma
Date : 11-03 19:51:
Views: 5316
Comments : 0
Topic :Books


gpullman@gsu.edu
Published: 10-29 2007
Title: Brainstorming online
Topic: commonplaces

http://www.exploratree.org.uk/ has an interesting piece of online brainstorming software. If you register, you can save the work. You can play around for free.


Published: 12-08 2006
Title: Backpack
Topic: commonplaces

Nice piece of commercial webware that allows you to store notes, images, and calendar entries. There's a free version and a pay version. They offer a series of examples of how to use the site, one of which is a quotations list. (link)


Published: 10-23 2006
Title: old is the new new
Topic: commonplaces

Sebastian Brant wrote just after 1500.

In our time, thanks to the talent and industry of those from the Rhine, books have emerged in lavish numbers. A book that once would've belonged only to the rich -- nay, to a king -- can now be seen under a modest roof. ... There is nothing nowadays that our children ... fail to know.

(link)




Published: 09-30 2006
Title: Cornell Note Method
Topic: commonplaces

Lifehacker has a bit about the "Cornell Method" for note taking. The idea is to devide a page into three sections and use each section for specific kinds of information: left margin, questions, cues, right half notes during class, buttom of page, summary after class. (link) This might be an interesting thing to mimic online, using a db backend.


Published: 06-25 2006
Title: Note taking and commonplacing
Topic: Commonplaces

The Arts of Transmission Note Taking as an Art of Transmission by Ann Blair, Critical Inquiry, 2003 (link).
Note taking constitutes a central but often hidden phase in the transmission of knowledge. Notes recorded from reading or experience typically contribute to one's conversation and compositions, from which others can draw in turn in their own thinking and writing, thus perpetuating a cycle of transmission and transformation of knowledge, ideas, and experiences. The transmission served by personal notes most often operates within one individual's experience--from a moment of reading and note taking to a later moment when the notes are read, sometimes rearranged and used in articulating a thought. But personal notes can also be shared with others, on a limited scale with family and friends and on a wider scale through publication, notably in genres that compile useful reading notes for others. A history of note taking can be significant beyond the study of individual sets of extant notes by shedding light on aspects of note taking that were widely shared, notably through being taught in schools, and similar within particular contexts.
Notes can take many forms--oral, written, or electronic. At its deepest level, whatever the medium, note taking involves variations on and combinations of a few basic maneuvers, which I propose to identify as the four S's: storing, sorting, summarizing, and selecting. Human memory is the storage medium with the longest history, which continues to remain crucial today despite our reliance on other devices, from ink on paper to computers. The range of storage media operative in different historical contexts includes the marked stone token, the clay tablet, the knotted cord or quipu, the papyrus scroll and the sheet of parchment, among many others. Each method of storage carries with it constraints of reliability, preservability and accessibility--the book scores particularly well on all these points compared to the computer, which is now usually reliable but requires a considerable technical infrastructure and generates increased problems of compatibility and accessibility over time.
An interesting contradiction from the time when print was replacing manuscirpt, offered by James J. O'Donnell in "The Pragmatics of the New: Trithemius, McLuhan, Cassiodorus[1]" (link) (The University of Pennsylvania) For if writing is placed on skins, it can last for a thousand years; but print, when it is a thing of paper, how long will it last?' The shelf-life of paper he estimates at 200 years, and of course he is not entirely incorrect."


Published: 06-25 2006
Title: Encyclopedia and the commonplace tradition
Topic: commonplaces

A Solution to the Multitude of Books: Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia (1728) as "the Best Book in the Universe" Richard Yeo, Journal of the History of Ideas 64.1 (2003) 61-72
This analogy between a dictionary of arts and sciences and a commonplace book gave Chambers and later editors and publishers of his work a way of imagining two types of reader, each affected in slightly different ways by the multitude of books. Abraham Rees, the editor of a revised and enlarged edition published serially from 1778, made this point in his new "Preface." Rees spoke of the scholar and the less learned reader. Referring to the former, he suggested that:
those, who are proficients in science, will find it useful, on many occasions, to consult a Dictionary, as they would refer to a common-place book, in order to assist their memories, without the labour and the loss of time, which it would require to recur to a great number of distinct treatises, whence their knowledge was originally derived. 29

This group, no doubt, included the "men of the first-rate erudition" who, said Chambers, "study their authors at first hand." 30 But it also embraced other educated readers who might use the Cyclopaedia as a commonplace book to prompt their memory for earlier reading or perhaps to explore topics outside their own field. We know this notion was in vogue because authors of reading guides for undergraduates at Cambridge in the early 1700s cited the dictionaries of Harris and Chambers. 31 For example, Thomas Johnson's Quaestiones Philosophicae (1732 and 1735) aimed to prepare students for the prescribed "disputations" on topics in moral and natural philosophy. Johnson gave many entries from Chambers (and some from Harris), placing them under Heads relevant to various subjects, such as Physics or Chemistry. 32 In this way the Cyclopaedia was presented as a resource from which students could build their own commonplace book or study guide. In fact, the assiduous student can be seen as Chambers's ideal reader—one who would realize that the alphabetical entries on terms belonged to various recognizable Heads. Nevertheless, Rees and other editors thought that less scholarly readers could study the Cyclopaedia as a single point of reference, accepting the warrant of the author that it was based on reliable abridgement of the major subjects. This scenario might imply that Chambers's map of knowledge was more crucial to the non-scholar, who did not already possess a good sense of the parameters of the various subjects and their cognate terms. For such readers the Cyclopaedia functioned as a ready-made commonplace book, and an encyclopedia, to be consulted and studied for almost all their needs. But for both scholar and novice it supplied one solution to information overload.




Published: 04-03 2006
Title: Random MYSQL Query
Topic: commonplaces

I've not tried this, so i don't know that it works, but it seems like it would. I want something like this so that the commonplace book can splash a random entry on entry.

$random_row = mysql_fetch_row(mysql_query("select * from YOUR_TABLE order by rand() limit 1"));




Published: 03-19 2006
Title: Commonplaces
Topic: commonplaces

For the coverweb piece due in october, i need to start getting organized. I think there are two points i want to make:

we, the folks of computers and writing or at least some large subset, need to learn web programming

when it comes to rhetoric,there's nothing new under the sun.

put in that order those two points seem self evidently contradictory. but they're not really. every generation applies the rhetorical practices they learned from previous generations to their own circumstances, and just as "rhetoric" in the western tradition came about because Plato learned to write despite the objections of Socrates, so we need to consider how rhetoric computes.

I've chosen the commonplace for a campsite because it has everything one needs for a brief stay on the way to somewhere else. it's a temporary home leading to others. that's a bit cryptic. the word commonplace refers to an inventional technique that turned into a genre. it started out as advice about how to turn patterns of thought into arguments, and became a collection of potentially useful, instructive, or at least interesting quotations and in some cases observations. the notebooks a writer, preacher, any public speaker kept as preparation for future speeches. commonplaces were also kept by many people who never planned to speak in public, by women in the renaissance, for example, and by others who kept them as books like some of us keep diaries. only instead of personal ruminations, they tended to be catalogues of literary experiences. In some cases these catalogues were offered for sale, and thus people could have other people's literary experiences, read books, in a sense, they would never otherwise have a chance to read, books being rare and expensive.




Published: 01-23 2006
Title: Books about Commonplace books
Topic: commonplaces

Lechner, Joan Marie.
Renaissance concepts of the commonplaces; an historical investigation of the general and universal ideas used in all argumentation and persuasion with special emphasis on the educational and literary tradition of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
New York, Pageant Press [1962]

PN173 .L4

Moss, Ann. Printed commonplace-books and the structuring of Renaissance thought
Oxford : Clarendon Press ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1996.

PA2047 .M67 1996




Published: 08-24 2005
Title: Commonplaces
Topic: commonplaces

Rhetoric : essays in invention and discovery
McKeon, Richard Peter. Ed. Backman, Mark. Woodbridge, CT: Ox Bow Press, 1987.

"Creativity and the Commonplace"

It is appropriate the commonplaces be transformed from collections of fixed and established, communicable clichés to neutral sources of knit perceptions operative in new directions and the fat and culture and philosophy of the twentieth century. Rhetoric once again has assumed a dominant place in our thoughts and actions. Whereas the rhetoric of the Romans took its commonplaces from the practical arts and jurisprudence and the rhetoric of the humanists took its commonplaces from the fine arts and literature, our rhetoric finds its common places in the technology of commercial advertising and of calculating machines. As in past rhetorics, the art of memory has developed more elaborately and more rapidly than the art of invention, and retrieval often passes for innovation and motivation for ratiocination. The great problem of creativity is “creativity” itself. It is a commonplace, a meaningless word which assumes clear and fixed meanings in well-known commonplaces that express what everybody knows about it , or which preserves the productive a systematic ambiguity from which new insights may be derived into consequences constructed. But the products of creativity--acquired insights, made things, planned actions, composed statements--become the commonplace of our familiar world, while the commonplaces which innovate and transform, invent and discover, may be detected in their effective use of that can never be stat univocally, clearly, or distinctly. (34)



Published: 02-10 2005
Title: Tools for organizing ideas
Topic: commonplaces

A list of tools for information retrieval. (link)


Published: 12-06 2004
Title: Five laws of library science
Topic: commonplaces

From a Boxes and Arrows.com article about S.R.Ranganathan, who the author, Mike Steckel, says is the most important librarian of the 20th century. The "Colon Clasification" system
    PMEST
  • Personality—what the object is primarily “about.” This is considered the “main facet.”
  • Matter—the material of the object
  • Energy—the processes or activities that take place in relation to the object
  • Space—where the object happens or exists
  • Time—when the object occurs
What intrigues me about this is the resemblance it has (for me anyway) to rhetorical inventional/memory strategies, specificaly loci of, say, veneration as outlined in ad herennius, de inventione, and menander rhetor.


Published: 12-06 2004
Title: CMS vs Meta-data websites
Topic: commonplaces

At boxesandarrows.com (my favorite blogsite for the next 20 mins) I came across the following advantage disatvantage list set out to explain why metadata sites are preferable to content management systems. 

Advantages and disadvantages of a traditional CMS
    Advantages
  • Allows authors to use WYSIWYG tools to create documents and lay them out.
  • Provides version and source control capabilities.
  • Simple workflows for assigning and authoring content.
  • Provides automated tools for getting content to the website.
  • Provides a centralized store of content.
    Disadvantages
  • Content is “trapped” in a proprietary system.
  • CMS as a publishing tool restricts what you can do with the website and how you can reuse your content.
  • Users have to understand complicated file organization structures in order to be able to place their content in the right place.
  • Difficult to change layout and templates once a design is chosen.
  • Doesn’t always keep up with the pace of business.
Just as we undertake the effort to separate data from display in the transition from HTML to CSS, we must look more closely at our data to separate out the different kinds of data — core data from supporting data. (link)



Published: 12-06 2004
Title: Search ideas, faceted classification
Topic: commonplaces

http://www.searchtools.com/

http://www.iawiki.net/FacetedClassification

http://www.miskatonic.org/library/facet-web-howto.html




Published: 11-15 2004
Title: From CommonPlace Books, A History of Manuscripts . . .
Topic: commonplaces

Though the Latin verb legere was commonly used in the ancient world to denote the act of reading, it also meant to single out, select, extract, gather, collect, even to plunder and purloin. In the classical sense of the word, reading was by no means a passive or recptive act. At its most basic level, reading was an inherently active, discriminating, and selective exercise. One did not merely enounter a text; one harvested it, separating the wheat from the tares in order to glean the pith and marrow. The term also signified a kind of rapine, even the violent confiscation of the fruit of another man's tree.
(8) Earle Havens


Published: 11-09 2004
Title: Book on commonplaces
Topic: commonplaces

Havens, Earle, 1971- Commonplace books : a history of manuscripts and printed books from antiquity to the twentieth century ; in conjunction with an exhibition at the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Yale University, 23 July through 29 September 2001 New Haven, Conn.] : Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library : Distributed by University Press of New England, c2001

PN245 .H38 2001




Published: 11-08 2004
Title: Valerius Maximus
Topic: commonplaces

Valerius' collection of rhetorical exempla is divided into nine books of, on average, nine chapters, each with some categorical heading and a number of rhetorical examples. These examples are divided into two categories: the Roman and the foreign. Most often these headings are abstract categories--types of morality or immorality--for example, "Religion," "pretended Religion," "Parental Love," "Constancy'" "Luxury and Lust." Frequently, the incongruous or paradoxical interests Valarius--stories that involve a reversal of fortune such as his very last chapter: "The Lowborn Who Tried Through Deceit to Enter Others' Families."
W. Martin, Bloomer, Valarius Maximus and the Rhetoric of the New Nobility. Chapel Hill: UNCP, 1992, (17). Valarius' Memorable Deeds and Sayings was published during the reign of Tiberius and looks remarkably like a commonplace book. It was intended as a resource for speakers, indexed and organized to make it easier to use than direct recourse to the histories from which most of the exempla are drawn.


Published: 11-03 2004
Title: Wendy Bishop and Discussion Boards as Commonplace book
Topic: commonplaces

Here's an interesting piece from the late Wendy Bishop, formerly of FSU, (link) encouraging people to use discussion boards to create a sort of modern version of the commonplace book.

And then there's ChrisNet: a compendium of idiosyncratic knowledge, art, and humor that contains a list of key words  by which he's organized his input.

 




Published: 11-03 2004
Title: Plagiarism and the commonplace
Topic: commonplaces

There is an interesting piece called "Utopian Plagiarism, Hypertextuality and Electronic Cultural Production" (link) reproduced by Houghton Mifflin in Readings Online: a virtual common place book that discusses how plagiarism was once an accepted part of literary practice, along the lines of immitation.

Reminds me to wonder what the realtionship is between the practice of quoting at length and the practice of steeling at will.




Published: 11-03 2004
Title: Another e-commonplace book
Topic: commonplaces

A Commonplace Book: A personal collection of quotaitons  (link) is a searchable repository of quotations the composer finds interesting. There a collections of quotations about commonplace books themselves, (link).

"Commonplace books have their origin in the Renaissance as one means of coping with the information overload of that era. They helped students select, organize, classify, and remember key moral precepts. "




Published: 10-30 2004
Title: Quotes Matrix
Topic: commonplaces

Another example of an online commonplace book. (link) The author notes that
How is it organized? Ah--there is the problem. After a few hundred pages a collection of quotes becomes a great seething heap of forgotten profundities. Organization becomes imperative, if only for cohent presentation.

He goes on to say that over time a pattern emerges out of the chaos.

There's also "sprezzatura.nota: a commonplace - book"

And then there's //mad_lab

Mad_Lab is a sort of digital commonplace book for postgraduate students in art and design to document reference material and research in progress. Commonplace books were used from antiquity to the early 20th century for recording passages to be remembered or referred to (OED 1973). The idea of the commonplace was linked to classical western notions of memory and place, the commonplaces of logical philosophical discourse and rhetorical argument (Yates, 1989). We have used the metaphor of the commonplace book for this site rather than the notebook, sketchbook, workbook, diary, album or scrapbook because the spatial/mnemonic underpinning of the commonplace resonates with current discourse about new digital knowledge systems, particularly in relation to navigation (interface)/information base structures intrinsic to new media forms(Manovich, 2001). While commonplace books produced during the renaissance primarily used and studied classical texts, in later centuries the genre expanded to include nearly every imaginable type of text :lines of epic poetry, quotations and just as often medicinal and culinary recipies, ribald couplets, lofty quotations, hermetic numerical tables, cartoons, monumental inscriptions, magical spells, bad jokes (Havens, 2001). This eclectic, practical, multi-modal approach is the basis of Mad-Lab. Ref: Havens, Earle. Commonplace books: A history of manuscripts and printed books from antiquity to the twentieth century. New Haven, Ct, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, 2001. Manovich, Lev. The Language of New Media (ADD details) Yates, Frances.The Art of Memory (ADD details)
The headnote of this fascinating site even quotes Seneca's dictim
“ We should follow, men say, the example of the bees, who flit about and cull the flowers that are suitable for producing honey, and then arrange and assort in their cells all that they have brought in; these bees, as our Virgil says, ‘pack close the flowering honey, And swell their cells with nectar sweet’.” Seneca the Younger, Epistulae morales

Suddenly I'm not alone.




Published: 10-30 2004
Title: An online commonplace book
Topic: commonplaces

Here's a link to the first online reference to commonplace books i've seen . Chirs Lott, if that's the author's name keeps a collection to quotations online. He observes at the head of his collection.
The dictionary describes a commonplace book as an edited collection of striking passages noted in a single place for future reference. In the old days it was a physical book in which striking passages were written, annotated, pictures and pieces from magazines and newspapers were pasted,etc.

He also quotes Swift
from "A Letter of Advice to a Young Poet" A commonplace book is what a provident poet cannot subsist without, for this proverbial reason, that "great wits have short memories:" and whereas, on the other hand, poets, being liars by profession, ought to have good memories; to reconcile these, a book of this sort, is in the nature of a supplemental memory, or a record of what occurs remarkable in every day's reading or conversation. There you enter not only your own original thoughts, (which, a hundred to one, are few and insignificant) but such of other men as you think fit to make your own, by entering them there. For, take this for a rule, when an author is in your books, you have the same demand upon him for his wit, as a merchant has for your money, when you are in his.



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